In Miao people’s embroidery, there are numerous traditional designs. However, each woman in Miao can make some changes based upon their favor and understanding. The main pattern is dragon, butterfly, fish, bird, cattle, fog, lotus, peony, and so on. These patterns are not only for decoration, but also for culture contents, such as totem worship, reproduction worship and ancestor worship, etc. In different areas of Miao people, they have different totems — clan symbols, from which all the tribes can be blessed. These original totems are from the nature, such as a butterfly, flower, fish, bird, cattle and so on. Some of them are from myths and folk-belief, such as dragon, tiger and so on.
Dragon pattern is one of the most common designs among Miao people, which is different from Han people’s dragon design. In the Miao people’s dragon design, a dragon has a big head and a short body which looks very cute. Miao people believe that dragon is a lucky animal which can bring people happiness and luck. The ship of dragon is various. Moreover, the head can be a cattle head, bird head, and the body can be a snake, bird, beast, etc.
Butterfly pattern is originally from ancestor worship of the Miao people, for they called butterfly mother. Depending on the legend, butterfly mother had 13 colorful eggs. A god bird helped her hatch 12 years but did not get any birth, so, they thought of giving up. However, for those lives in eggs they had to keep hatching. The Miao people believe that the life in eggs is their ancestor, so butterfly mother became the common design in women custom among Miao people.
Since fish has strong ability of birth, fish pattern becomes a symbol of fertility.
Cattle horn pattern comes from a legend that the ancestor of the Miao people had a horn in their head so that the horn pattern became a common design in custom.
Bird pattern is a conventional design in Miao people’s custom. The bird pattern has various ships, whose design is from god bird, phoenix, dragon bird, and some birds are from nature, such as golden pheasant, magpie, peacock and etc.
Figure pattern usually comes into Miao people’s embroidery for recurring myth and historical memory.
Plant pattern is diverse coming into different designs, such as the peony, peach blossom, lotus, plum blossom, pomegranate and etc.
Geometry pattern is also quite famous, such as triangle, diamond and rectangle.
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